7 Essential Steps for Teaching Letter Sounds to Children

  1. Be sure that you and your learner(s) are pronouncing each letter sound correctly, without an extraneous “uh” sound at the end. Remember that correct letter sound knowledge provides a foundation for successful reading and spelling.
  2. For learners who have difficulty pronouncing a letter sound correctly, show them how your mouth looks as you pronounce it. Indicate the position of your teeth, tongue, and/or lips. Provide a mirror and ask them to try to do the same. Provide guidance in the process of making the sound, using only positive words. For those who are still having difficulty, keep in mind that this is a developmental process and accept approximations. The key is to help them come as close as possible without experiencing frustration. Normed speech development charts, such as the one provided by SLTinfo, can help you determine the age at which most children are able to accurately pronounce specific sounds. If you are concerned about abnormal pronunciation difficulties, consult a pediatrician or certified speech therapist.
  3. Help children find or think of items that begin with the letter sound they are learning. Guide them in this process. Show them the connection between the written and spoken words, pointing out how the first letter of each word matches the first sound. (Avoid irregular words in this process.) Remember to keep feedback positive, praising and encouraging them along the way.
  4. For letters that make more than one sound (a, e, i, o, u, g, c, y), focus on one phoneme (unit of sound) at a time until mastery is achieved.
  5. Provide adequate time to practice one sound before moving on to the next. Most young children need to focus on a new sound for 2 to 5 days, depending upon their age and level of readiness.
  6. Provide multiple opportunities for reviewing previously taught sounds. Children generally need significant practice with a letter sound before they are able to master it.
  7. To help your child master letter sounds efficiently, use tools such as flashcards and embedded picture mnemonics. These and other effective instructional strategies can be found in programs such as SnapBack Phonics.
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